网上科普有关“八年级英语语法知识”话题很是火热,小编也是针对八年级英语语法知识寻找了一些与之相关的一些信息进行分析,如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题,希望能够帮助到您。
学好英语的语法是相当重要的。下面是我收集整理的 八年级 英语语法知识以供大家学习。
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八年级英语语法知识(一)
动词形态不对应
下面两则 广告 中的第二个动词形态就和前面的不对应,因此属于一种字形上的错误:
① If you intend to buy or sell your property or having any queries, please feel free to call me .
② You will be in charge of interviewing and shortlisting candidates and to assist in the recruitment of 500 staff.
在第一句里的?having?应改为?have?才对。不然,就要把这个分句完全写出来:
? or if you have any queries, ?
第二句里的?and?是衔接前面的动名词?interviewing and shortlisting?和后面的动名词?assisting?。显然,这里不用动名词而用不定式动词?to assist?,也是犯了动词形式不对应的错误,非改正不可。
还有,根据字词的排列,?shortlisting?要排在? interviewing?前面,才合逻辑。
①和②这类的错误相当普遍。虽然这样的错误不会影响人们对 文章 的理解,但是总不是件文字上的好事,还是多多注意,尽量避免好。
同样的,下列5个从学生作业中找出来的 句子 ,也犯了同样的毛病:
③ This will enable the parent to experience the new style of life and allows him or her enough time to consider settling down.
④ Utopianism violates the human conscience, denies privacy to individuals and discard human rights.
⑤ They have to reach a decision on either sending their child to a day-care centre or employ a maid.
⑥ It is very hard to relate the stories through other means and at the same time retains the critical aspects of the book.
⑦ This problem can be solved by developing correct language skills, concentrating on studies day by day, and try not to exert too much pressure.
③到⑦句子里的动词形态的错误是明显的,改正也是容易的,即:
③ allow; ④ discards; ⑤ employing; ⑥ retain; ⑦ trying.
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八年级英语语法知识(二)
英语多义词
由于一词多义在英语词汇的运用上非常重要,这里不厌其烦地再举一个家喻户晓的常用字 break,以加强我对这点的重视。
作为动词,break 有下列 12 个常用意思:
① 打破、断,如:(a)If you drop the cup, you will break it. (b)The rope suddenly broke.
② 违反、违约,如:(a)Don't break the law. (b)Tom is notorious for breaking promises.
③ 伤、毁,如:(a)Tony broke Jane's heart by not marrying her. (b)Judy dropped her watch and broke it.
④ 中断、打断,如:(a)The barking of the dog broke our sleep. (b)The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.
⑤ 破晓,如:They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.
⑥ 放弃,如:It is hard to break the habit of smoking.
⑦ 开路,如:We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.
⑧ 毫无得失,如:He bought the sewing machine at $700 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.
⑨ 闯入,如:A thief broke into my neigbour's house and ran away with some valuables.
⑩ 爆发,如:If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?
11. 突破,如:The soldiers tried to break through the enemy's line.
12. 停止,如:The meeting suddenly broke up.
当名词时,break 有 5 个常见义,如下:
① 裂口:Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.
② 拂晓:Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.
③ 吃茶点时间:A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.
④ 休息:There is one-hour break for lunch.
⑤ 变动:The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.
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八年级英语语法知识(三)
动词主语别忘了呼应
根据英语语法规律,形容词分句(也叫定语从句,adjective clause)里的动词必须和主句里的先行词(antecedent)呼应。先行词是单数,形容词分句中的动词便是单数;先行词是复数,形容词分句中的动词便是复数。例如:
① Do you know the woman who is walking the dog?(陪狗散步)
② Those who have performed well in the tournament will be rewarded.
在①里,先行词the woman是单数,形容词分句里的动词is也是单数。反之,②里的先行词those是复数,who后面的动词也是复数have.
根据这原则,who is upgrading 中的is便要改为are了。
动词与主语不呼应的错误比比皆是。除了上述例子外,常见的错误还有下面几种类型:
③Has Mr and Mrs Li decided to emigrate?
④Do your uncle live in Malaysia?
⑤There is several beautiful paintings on the wall.
⑥The news of Henry's resignation were received with great surprise.
⑦What we are doing are good for the nation as a whole.
⑧Someone have forgotten to turn off the light.
在③里,助动词 has 和复数主语 Mr and Mrs Li 不符,要改为 have.第④句里的 do 和 your uncle 不搭配,要改为 does.第⑤ 句里的 is 和真正主语 paintings 的数不一致,应改为 are.这个句子也可改变为:?Several beautiful paintings are on the wall?。在⑥里的主语 news,其形式是复数,但意思是单数,动词也要单数的 was received 才行。⑦里的主语是名词分句(noun clause),是个单数的单位,动词也要单数的 is,不是 are.在⑧ 里的主语 someone 是单数代名词,随后的动词必须是 has forgotten 才对。
上述动词和主语不一致的毛病,屡见不鲜;即使英语能力好的人,也难幸免。
下面这句英语很好,但是里面的动词对吗?是 has 还是 have 呢?
?Its unique concept and impressive magnitude has made it the talking point of the region.?
既然这句的主语是由 concept 和 magnitude 组成,便是复数,谓语动词当然也要复数 have 才是。
八年级上册英语语法
八年级上册英语语法知识点有:
1、以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
2、系动词表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。
3、系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。
4、常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有:believe,expect,explain,feel,hear等。
5、if引导条件状语从句时意为“假如”,从句中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑问句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑问句的构成及用法:
结构:特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句, 即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语(+其他)
疑问代词:
1) Who:谁。做主语,用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 谁,做宾语,用来指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 谁的,用来指所属关系,如果做定语,一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪个,哪些,用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑问副词:
When:何时,询问时间 When will she come back?
Where何地,询问地点, Where do you come from?
Why为什么,询问原因, Why are you late for school?
How 如何,询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大,询问年龄,How old is Jim’s little brother?
How many/much多少,询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多远,询问距离, How far is it form your home to school?
How long多长,多久,询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多长时间按一次,询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久,询问时间 How soon will you come back?
频率副词:表示动作发生的频率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have?来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时
表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词,它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式,但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来,常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情,一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,结构为“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四.特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引导的特殊疑问句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑问句的简略结构:how about…?+ 名词或动词-ing形式,用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如:How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答
情态动词can的用法:
Can 是最长用的情态动词,其后跟动词原形,can的否定形式为cannot,can’t.
can表“能力”,意思是:能,会 I can paly basketball,but I can’t swim.
can表示能力时可和be able to 互换,be able to有更多的时态,常被用来表示can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示“可能性”,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允许,意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示“惊讶、不相信等(用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”
This can’t be true. Can it be true?
如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请
表达邀请的常用句型:
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀请的常用句型:
Sure. Certainly. OK. I’d love to.
谢绝邀请的常用句型:
I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
I don’t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容词的比较级
规则变化、不规则变化(课本P93)
than 是比较级中最常见的标志词,意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容词比较级前,有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。Much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点;even表示“甚至,更加,还要……”even bigger还要大些,three times表示 “…三倍”,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级,very,so,too, quite?修饰原级
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可数名词与不可数名词
一.可数名词
英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个,如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es(特殊情况除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二.不可数名词
1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分,也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of… 2.常见的量词短语有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量:much much rain a little little
4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有:
Lots of= a lot of许多,大量 some一些(用于肯定句)any一些(用于否定句和一般疑问句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般过去时:指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词→was/were 否定:wasn’t /weren’t
Be动词句型
一般疑问句:was/were +主语…
特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were+主语
陈述句:主语+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句:主语+wasn’t/weren’t+…
行为动词句型(当句中的动词为行为动词时,要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句)
肯定式:主语+动词过去式
否定式:主语+didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形
特殊疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样,不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态,即“特殊疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+(表语)+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”
以when引导的特殊疑问句,对某人的出生年月进行提问,句型是:
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +时间
When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的?He was born in 1975.
二.以how long 引导的特殊疑问句,对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是:
How long did + 主语+动词?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝?When +did+主语+动词?
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情态动词
情态动词,表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度,包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。Can(能、会),may( 可以),must( 必须、一定)等。
情态动词的特点:(1)情态动词有一定词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语,且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)变否定句时,直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He can’t play the guitar well.
He can’t answer the question. You mustn’t be late.
(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时,须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测,意为“能,会,可以。”can’t, 意为“不能,不会,不可以。”,还有“不可能”之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can’t. It can’t be true.
(5)can 也可表示请求与邀请
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What’s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容词/副词的最高级,用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一个 “最……”见课本p93语法
the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容词,excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher.
形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是,被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高级,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.
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本文概览:网上科普有关“八年级英语语法知识”话题很是火热,小编也是针对八年级英语语法知识寻找了一些与之相关的一些信息进行分析,如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题,希望能够帮助到您。 学好英语...